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For GHK-Cu, especially with subcutaneous or intradermal applications, a finer gauge needle like 27G to 31G is generally recommended

Further investigation showed that CPs first reduce the level of skin oxidation, inhibit the expression of the key transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos), then activate the TGF-/Smad signaling pathway to promote collagen synthesis, inhibit the expression of MMP-1/3 to inhibit collagen degradation, and inhibit skin inflammation to alleviate skin aging in mice

PMID 16330153

Cancer research, 1984, 44(4): 1579-1584

Conflict of interest JGF has been an Associate Editor of Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology since 2013